What are the things that affect arterial oxygenation?!
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What schiff described is the alveoli, microscopic grape like cluster sacs. Think of a balloon that has been blown up a couple of times..after the air is expelled, the ballon no longer holds it's original shape. This is kinda what happens to damaged alveoli. They no longer go back into their original shape, they are oversized and eventually push down on the diaphram.flatting the diaphram when it should be "domed" shaped. The diaphram is the MOST important muscle for breathing and when it has been flatten by misshapened alveoli, it is compromised and cannot help the lungs to empty. Osmosis is the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood. Improper exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide happens when alveoli are damaged.sometimes blood vessels move away from the area of the lung where alveoli are not doing their job.."shunting". The heart of course is also a big factor in arterial oxygenation..if the heart is not pumping blood properly, the lungs do not receive the blood to oxygenate.very high body temperature and very low body temperature can be a factor also.blood clots in the lungs called pulmonary emboli.even a severe brain injury can upset the CO2 chemoreceptor in the brain and cause a abnormal resp rhythm.so many factors including sepsis, abnormal blood pressures, low blood volume(excessive bleeding),anemia, crushed chest, failing kidneys.may all play a part in normal, or rather.abnormal arterial oxygenation
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At the end of the tiny airways there are air sacs & this is where oxygen is exchanged. Any damage to these air sacs will reduce arterial O2, such as scarring (from various sources, diseases etc.) a collapsed lung etc.. the sources are many but the bottom line is the damage to the air sacs, the more that are damaged the harder it is to exchange O2. When your O2 desaturates, it best measure by testing arterial O2, a quick pulse oximetry is faster but not as accurate. High altitude can increase red blood cells that carry O2 & increase arterial oxygenation. Many diseases can cause decrease arterial oxygenation, most common group would be Interstitial Lung Diseases. There are many just in that category.
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